SUMMARIE

Restoration of mixed art: no 'apocaliptic' and less and less ‘integrated'
LLUIS XABEL ÁLVAREZ

The book "apocalyptic and integrated" (1965), by Umberto Eco has often been misunderstood, especially in Spain. The two opposing concepts do not refer to political positions but to the aesthetic positions of that decade towards the growing influence of the mass media and its impact on the aesthetic phenomenon. This snippet or rough essay tries to show through the collation of views on the contemporary art of Arthur Danto and Joseph Margolis how and to what extent Eco’s classifying proposal has evolved in these forty-three years, with references to the peculiarities related to Hispanic aesthetics. The conclusion is that the "integrating" and in the media is a fait accompli for the aesthetics.

The dance of the sun. Spiritual franchises and aparitions
ANTONIO FONTELA TALÍN

The author explains in this article a number of topics in the field of contemporary religious Epiphanies or aparitions, which may have their roots in more ancient beliefs than  Christianity itself, and at the time, based on real objective and strange events , yet hardly explainable though far from the traditional concept of "supernatural". At the same time, he exposes some paradoxes that are illustrated by the beliefs about aparitions part of the human condition and its quest for the "truth".

The utopia of Jun
JOSÉ ANTONIO RODRIGUEZ SALAS

The information society and new technologies represent a great opportunity and also a danger, adding a new element of discrimination to the traditional division between the rich and the poor. In the village of Jun they have managed to achieve full literacy of its people and its direct involvement in local government through the tele-democracy in just one generation. Jun has left the way open for public institutions to emulate the example of a manager who shares his power and decision making among the ones he manage.

Original and copy. Art, architecture and archeology.
RUBÉN FIGAREDO

The process of copying certifies the loss of importance of the artist as architect, giving the intermediary who brings his art to the public the main role in the process. The contradictions generated by the debate about the authenticity of works drawn to light the contradictions that occur when science and ideology are mixed. The current fever for the "unique buildings" opened by the Guggenheim in Bilbao creates spaces that are not places to live, but to act or contemplate scenarios from the outside. This spirit, in which the architecture swallows the user has caused a cascade of false unbearable architectural needs purely imitative and gregarious. While new sustainable architectures seem a kind of Noah's Ark for millionaires and conscious states that will take many years to reach the masses.

Non-aligned countries movement. Counterhegemonic alternative or the farce of equity in power?
BEATRIZ FRAGUELA

Last NAM summit have generated many documents that denounces concepts of "humanitarian intervention", or "failed states", "preventive wars" and lauds sovereignty and self-determination. Despite of them it is doubtful that very many of the member states of the NAM will do much more than rhetorical support to his words. They had denounced the legacies of colonialism, but not showed regard for protecting human rights at theirs homes. In fact, the vast majority of the members of the NAM are authoritarian states which have squandered their resources, oppressed their populations and invaded their neighbours. During de Cold War, their original goals, being established into a new form of dependence by the West or by the communist bloc, were admirable. Beyond these accomplishments, the NAM became obsolete. At best, its exhortations will be ignored in the councils of global power; at worst, it will only convince its detractors that it has again failed to provide any meaningful suggestions for addressing genuine global ills such as poverty, hunger, disease and the continuing scourge of their own wars.

Spell network. Eros and thanatos: the cyber courtship in the age of lack of communication
MANUEL J. MORENO

The phenomena of communication through the internet is considered a technological revolution of enormous impact and importance. Undoubtedly, it has been one of those bets the human spirit surprises us with from time to time. Providing encounters of any kind and condition, the Net of Nets, Internet allows and invites for a flirt, coquetry, and mingling with others. Nevertheless there are aspects that should not be neglected in respect to the essential verity of experiences that have the Internet as their setting.Therefore, this article intents to be a reflection on the actual aspects of what is brought about in human communication within this new setting, also in relation to the dangers of alienation from the instinctive and natural environment that cyberspace brings along.

Walking towards musical modernity
EDUARDO GARCIA SALUEÑA

Cataloguing turns out to be a necessary process for covering the study of music, as it is with any other artistic discipline. Nevertheless one is not always aware of what underlies each category after its determination, just as that they should not be considered as anything more than relative references that help us with the task of advancing in our understanding. Therefore we give a critical revision here of some of those most polemic terms and their (direct and indirect) connotations, that have influenced the reception of the History of Music in a decisive form.

Water and energy in Spain. Facts & lies of renewable energy
ALBERTO VÁZQUEZ FIGUEROA

Climate change, partisan confrontation, and economic interests from the big multinationals are leading us towards a perilous situation of energetic and hydrologic failure with incalculable consequences, and therefore the moment has arrived to adapt to the new times and new technologies. A country that doesn’t have any real alternative sources of energy at its disposal on which to fall back in moments of emergency takes the unacceptable risk of collapse. Luckily we in Spain have mountains and the sea at our hands that are well-disposed to recycle a very significant part of our oversupplies and store them as reserves.

The lie of fear
JOSÉ LUIS CASTILLEJO

A greedy person is not someone who satisfies his material or spiritual needs but one who wants more than the necessary and even expects to have it all. Classic economy, in contrast with the current economy of globalization, was not formulated on basis of greed but rather of necessity. It was science that took care of human survival. This was the goal of production. As it became easier to satisfy the primary needs because the means of production improved, another economy emerged, based on greed. Terrorism tries to prove the lack of values of the majority of people of today’s rich and dehumanized societies, and the falsity of what they preach about human rights and individual liberty. The great triumph of terrorism is that they did manage to prove that. They have tested the cowardice and lack of human values of the majority. The big business of the powerful is our fear, that sentiment that makes us more obedient and manageable.

Bartering: dream come true
DORA MARLENY VÁSQUEZ

The barter is a tool taken from the ancestral memory. It is now recovering its validity by creating spaces in alternative marketing. Products, knowledge and services are exchanged without the use of money through bartering. Barter has been present in the day to day life of many communities for centuries in all continents. Bartering has been developing in a particular manner depending on local conditions that the economy of the market sets. In later times in Colombia as well in other countries.